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農田水利建設促現代化農業發展

日前,發改委等六部(bu)門聯合印發了《水效領跑者引領行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)實施(shi)方(fang)(fang)案》通知,水效領跑者引領行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)將(jiang)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)高(gao)耗水行(xing)(xing)業、農田灌溉等領域(yu)不斷改進技術,對(dui)建立節水型的(de)生產方(fang)(fang)式起到積極作用。

我國(guo)(guo)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)大國(guo)(guo),農(nong)(nong)(nong)田用水(shui)(shui)量(liang)大約占全國(guo)(guo)用水(shui)(shui)總量(liang)的(de)80%,但(dan)真(zhen)正被農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)用到(dao)的(de)還(huan)不到(dao)30%。另外,我國(guo)(guo)正常年份缺水(shui)(shui)量(liang)近(jin)400億立方米,其(qi)中(zhong),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)占300億立方米,每年因(yin)缺水(shui)(shui)造成(cheng)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)損(sun)失(shi)超(chao)過(guo)1500億元(yuan)。因(yin)此,發展農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)水(shui)(shui)利基礎設施建設,尤其(qi)是大力(li)發展節水(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)將(jiang)成(cheng)為我國(guo)(guo)現代化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)發展的(de)重點。

節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)農業是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、土和(he)作(zuo)物資源(yuan)(yuan)綜合開發利用(yong)的系統工程。節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)農業包(bao)括節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉農業和(he)旱地農業。節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉農業是(shi)(shi)合理(li)開發利用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan),用(yong)工程技(ji)術、農業技(ji)術及(ji)管理(li)技(ji)術達到提(ti)高農業用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效率的方法。

從全球來(lai)看,多個(ge)國家節水(shui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業發展(zhan)程(cheng)度較(jiao)高。其(qi)中,以色(se)列90%以上的農(nong)(nong)(nong)田已應用自動節水(shui)滴灌(guan)(guan)技術,15%的農(nong)(nong)(nong)田配備(bei)微噴設備(bei)和移動噴灌(guan)(guan)設備(bei)。此外,美(mei)國、西班牙等國農(nong)(nong)(nong)業自動節水(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)也(ye)較(jiao)為發達。美(mei)國約80%灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)面積位(wei)于(yu)西部,也(ye)是(shi)全國糧食的主產(chan)區。海外灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)系統不僅普及率高,而且自動化(hua)程(cheng)度也(ye)較(jiao)成熟。

我國(guo)(guo)耕(geng)地面積(ji)中噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、微灌(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)節(jie)水灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉面積(ji)相比(bi)發達國(guo)(guo)家明顯(xian)偏(pian)低。2014年我國(guo)(guo)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉面積(ji)達到9.68億畝(mu),其中,噴(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)和微灌(guan)(guan)(guan)面積(ji)為1.18億畝(mu),占比(bi)僅12.19%,而美國(guo)(guo)這(zhe)一比(bi)例為71.7%。隨著扶持(chi)政策的持(chi)續加(jia)碼,我國(guo)(guo)節(jie)水農業將快速(su)發展。

今年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue),科技部(bu)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)了《國家重點(dian)研發(fa)(fa)計劃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)開發(fa)(fa)利用等六項重點(dian)專項申(shen)報指南的(de)通知》。去年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue),七部(bu)門聯合發(fa)(fa)布(bu)西(xi)北旱區農(nong)(nong)牧業(ye)可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)意(yi)見,提出(chu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)。去年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue),全國農(nong)(nong)業(ye)可持續(xu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃(2015-2030年(nian)(nian))提出(chu),節(jie)(jie)約高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),保(bao)障農(nong)(nong)業(ye)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)安全,分區域規模化推進高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai),加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)。到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)和(he)2030年(nian)(nian),農(nong)(nong)田(tian)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)灌(guan)溉(gai)率分別(bie)達(da)到(dao)55%和(he)57%,節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)率分別(bie)達(da)到(dao)64%和(he)75%,到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)面積2.88億畝。去年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue),國務院印發(fa)(fa)了《關于加(jia)(jia)大改(gai)革創(chuang)新力度加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)現代化建(jian)(jian)設(she)的(de)若干意(yi)見》,加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)大中型灌(guan)區續(xu)建(jian)(jian)配(pei)套與節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)改(gai)造,加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)推進現代灌(guan)區建(jian)(jian)設(she);大力推廣節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技術,全面實施(shi)區域規模化高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)行動。

高效節水農業建設已經成(cheng)為我國現(xian)代化農業發展的重點(dian)。預計到2020年 ,我國高效節水灌溉市場(chang)規模將達到3500億,未來發展空(kong)間巨大。(上海證券報)


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