寧夏以水定需“指導手冊”誕生水(shui)(shui)是(shi)基礎性自(zi)然(ran)資源和戰略性經濟資源。寧(ning)夏(xia)水(shui)(shui)資源總量(liang)短(duan)缺、用水(shui)(shui)結(jie)構(gou)不(bu)優(you)、用水(shui)(shui)效率不(bu)高(gao)等(deng)問題交織疊(die)加,已成為(wei)制(zhi)約黃河流域生(sheng)態(tai)保護和高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展先行區建設的突出瓶頸。在此背景下(xia),今年3月(yue)(yue),由(you)自(zi)治(zhi)區發(fa)(fa)(fa)改委(wei)牽頭(tou),水(shui)(shui)利(li)、農業、自(zi)然(ran)資源等(deng)部門組成專班,中(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)科院提供技術依托,開展了(le)(le)《黃河流域生(sheng)態(tai)保護和高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展先行區“四水(shui)(shui)四定”研究》。5月(yue)(yue),自(zi)治(zhi)區水(shui)(shui)利(li)廳、發(fa)(fa)(fa)改委(wei)根據專家咨詢意見,對研究成果進(jin)行了(le)(le)修改完善,并編制(zhi)了(le)(le)《寧(ning)夏(xia)“十(shi)四五”用水(shui)(shui)權管控(kong)指標方案(an)(an)(送審(shen)稿)》(以下(xia)簡稱《方案(an)(an)》)。10月(yue)(yue)底,《方案(an)(an)》正式(shi)印發(fa)(fa)(fa)。 這是寧夏全(quan)新的(de)(de)用水(shui)(shui)“指導手冊”。我們的(de)(de)可用水(shui)(shui)“家底”如何(he)?“十四五”期間(jian),寧夏水(shui)(shui)資源利用格局將會(hui)(hui)有怎(zen)樣(yang)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)?在以水(shui)(shui)定需中(zhong),寧夏的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資源到底能承載多(duo)少人、地和產業(ye)的(de)(de)用水(shui)(shui)需求(qiu)?新的(de)(de)配水(shui)(shui)體系會(hui)(hui)給經濟社(she)會(hui)(hui)和產業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)調結(jie)構、轉方式、換(huan)動能帶來怎(zen)樣(yang)的(de)(de)影(ying)響?《方案(an)》均給出了答案(an)。 寧夏(xia)可用(yong)水“家底”41.5億立(li)方米(mi)? 《方(fang)(fang)案》提出(chu),未來(lai)全(quan)區水(shui)(shui)資源配置遵循“嚴守水(shui)(shui)資源總量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)紅(hong)線(xian)(xian)、強化水(shui)(shui)資源節約集約利用、保(bao)障水(shui)(shui)資源剛(gang)性增長需求、促進水(shui)(shui)生態環境持(chi)續向好”的(de)原則,優化調整用水(shui)(shui)結構(gou),重點(dian)保(bao)障生活、生態和重點(dian)特色產(chan)業發展用水(shui)(shui),從(cong)緊(jin)核算(suan)各業用水(shui)(shui)。并提出(chu)“到(dao)2025年(nian)全(quan)區耗水(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)在41.5億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米以內,取(qu)水(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)在72.84億(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米以內”的(de)“紅(hong)線(xian)(xian)”要求。 這個(ge)“紅線”背后,飽含著寧夏(xia)多(duo)少“無奈心(xin)酸”:寧夏(xia)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)地水(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)量11.63億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi),其(qi)中礦化(hua)度(du)大于2克每升的(de)(de)(de)苦(ku)咸(xian)水(shui)(shui)占水(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)量的(de)(de)(de)30%,人畜不能(neng)飲,土(tu)地不能(neng)用。扣(kou)除(chu)難(nan)以(yi)利用的(de)(de)(de)汛期洪水(shui)(shui)、苦(ku)咸(xian)水(shui)(shui)和生態基流,可利用量僅1.5億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。好在寧夏(xia)還有國(guo)家(jia)分配的(de)(de)(de)37億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)黃河(he)干流水(shui)(shui)和3億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)支流水(shui)(shui),所以(yi),寧夏(xia)可耗用的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資源量為41.5億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。因此,黃河(he)水(shui)(shui)是寧夏(xia)的(de)(de)(de)命脈。 嚴格水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi),首先要控(kong)制(zhi)取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)在72.84億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)以(yi)內,就是各類取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)自河湖、水(shui)(shui)庫等水(shui)(shui)體(ti)以(yi)及從(cong)地下抽取(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang),今年以(yi)來,寧夏全面開展取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)專項(xiang)整(zheng)治(zhi),加(jia)強取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)許可(ke)管(guan)理(li),實施(shi)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)超載預警管(guan)控(kong),嚴格水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)調(diao)度和計劃管(guan)理(li),保障取(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)可(ke)控(kong)。41.5億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)水(shui)(shui)則是被經濟社會所耗用(yong)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang),也就是我(wo)們要堅守的(de)(de)第二條“紅線(xian)”,沒有被利用(yong)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)將隨排(pai)(pai)污(wu)管(guan)道、排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)溝道等路徑回歸到大自然中。 寧夏統籌兼顧優化配置(zhi)用水(shui)結構? 按照(zhao)不同水(shui)源(yuan)和不同的用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)結構(gou),寧(ning)夏(xia)將水(shui)資源(yuan)重新(xin)優化分配到各市縣(xian),建立總量控制、指標到縣(xian)、空間(jian)均衡的配水(shui)體(ti)系。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)足用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)好黃河水(shui)資源(yuan),優化利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當地(di)地(di)表水(shui),嚴格(ge)地(di)下水(shui)開采管(guan)控,加大再生(sheng)水(shui)、礦井疏干水(shui)、雨洪水(shui)等非常規水(shui)綜合利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。生(sheng)活(huo)、生(sheng)產、生(sheng)態三大空間(jian)的用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)結構(gou)有明顯的調整。 《方(fang)案》謀一(yi)域又謀全局。為了(le)更好滿足人民(min)群眾美好生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)對優(you)質(zhi)水(shui)資源、健康(kang)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態、宜居水(shui)環境的(de)向往,結合鄉村(cun)振興、廁所革命戰略實(shi)施以及肉(rou)牛(niu)、奶牛(niu)、灘羊(yang)養殖和文旅產(chan)業推進,優(you)先(xian)保(bao)障生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)水(shui)增長需求,生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)取水(shui)總量將由(you)現狀(zhuang)的(de)5.32億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)提(ti)高到6.61億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。 以(yi)水(shui)(shui)資源節約集(ji)約利用(yong)倒逼產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)集(ji)約高效發展(zhan),促進(jin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)內部水(shui)(shui)資源使用(yong)權流轉(zhuan),生產(chan)(chan)取(qu)水(shui)(shui)總量控制在55.23億立(li)方米以(yi)內。其中重點提升農業(ye)(ye)生產(chan)(chan)水(shui)(shui)效,取(qu)水(shui)(shui)量控制在49.47億立(li)方米;保障工(gong)業(ye)(ye)高質量發展(zhan),取(qu)水(shui)(shui)量5.76億立(li)方米。 為維(wei)護(hu)灌區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統健康,保障河(he)湖基(ji)本生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)需水(shui)、滿足生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)林蒸騰(teng)消耗(hao)、維(wei)持(chi)適(shi)宜(yi)冬灌生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)效應,此(ci)次配(pei)給生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)取水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為9.50億立方米。為留足生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang),寧(ning)夏將建立主(zhu)要(yao)河(he)湖生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保障體系,加強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)調(diao)度,留足重點天(tian)然湖泊合(he)理生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)補水(shui)和主(zhu)要(yao)支流(liu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang),確保湖泊不萎縮(suo)、重要(yao)河(he)道不斷流(liu),清水(shui)河(he)泉(quan)眼山斷面(mian)、苦水(shui)河(he)郭家橋斷面(mian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)保證程度達(da)到(dao)100%。維(wei)持(chi)北部引(yin)(yin)黃灌區(qu)(qu)人工生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)綠洲健康穩定(ding),確保正常(chang)年份引(yin)(yin)黃水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不低于50億立方米,平均地(di)下水(shui)位控(kong)制(zhi)在2.5米左右,保障生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)綠洲不退化(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)林規模(mo)不減少(shao)。嚴(yan)(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)人工造景擴大水(shui)面(mian),嚴(yan)(yan)禁景觀水(shui)面(mian)消耗(hao)黃河(he)水(shui)。加強地(di)下水(shui)保護(hu),提(ti)升“三(san)山”水(shui)源涵養能力,依(yi)(yi)法(fa)關停(ting)賀(he)蘭山、羅(luo)山、六盤山區(qu)(qu)域(yu)周邊農業灌溉(gai)機井(jing),依(yi)(yi)法(fa)限期(qi)封停(ting)城市(shi)公共供(gong)水(shui)管網(wang)覆蓋范圍內(nei)自備(bei)井(jing)。 調(diao)整后,全區生(sheng)活、生(sheng)態(tai)、工業、農業用(yong)水結構由(you)現狀7.6:10.9:6.0:75.5調(diao)整為9.3:13.3:8.1:69.3。 “四水四定”破解用水供需矛盾?? 2019年(nian),習近平(ping)總書(shu)記在黃河流(liu)域生(sheng)態保護和高質量(liang)(liang)發展(zhan)座談會上指(zhi)出,黃河水(shui)資源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)就這么多,搞生(sheng)態建設要用(yong)水(shui),發展(zhan)經濟、吃飯過(guo)日子也離不開水(shui),不能把水(shui)當(dang)作(zuo)無限供(gong)給的(de)資源(yuan)。 針(zhen)對寧夏用水供(gong)需的矛盾,《方案》中提(ti)出了“四水四定(ding)”的具體指標,既(ji)盡力而為(wei)又量力而行(xing),建立與水資源承載(zai)力相協調的發展布局。 堅持以(yi)水(shui)(shui)定人(ren)定城(cheng)(cheng)。充分考慮區域水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)承載能力,進一步提升人(ren)口(kou)分布與(yu)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)空(kong)間均衡性和發展協調(diao)性,北(bei)部(bu)地區充分利用(yong)(yong)銀川都市(shi)(shi)圈(quan)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng),中(zhong)衛(wei)、中(zhong)寧城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)等水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)配置網絡供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)優勢,滿足人(ren)口(kou)向(xiang)沿黃城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)群集聚需(xu)求;中(zhong)南(nan)部(bu)地區依托清(qing)水(shui)(shui)河(he)流域城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)、固原市(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)飲水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)等穩定水(shui)(shui)源(yuan),保(bao)障城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化生活用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)剛(gang)性增(zeng)長(chang)。全(quan)區常住人(ren)口(kou)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化率(lv)達到65%以(yi)上。 堅持以水定產。嚴格限制高耗水產業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan),把(ba)以水定產貫穿于工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)產業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)過程(cheng)和(he)各領域。根據水資源條件,優化產業(ye)結構(gou)和(he)布(bu)局,加快發展(zhan)(zhan)新型材料、綠色食品(pin)、電子(zi)信(xin)息、清潔能(neng)源等重點產業(ye),加大工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)節(jie)水力度,提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)用水重復利用率,降低單位產品(pin)新鮮(xian)水消耗量,以節(jie)約用水擴大發展(zhan)(zhan)空間,構(gou)建與水資源承載力相適應的現代工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)產業(ye)體系。全(quan)區規模以上工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)增(zeng)加值年均(jun)增(zeng)速保(bao)持在7%。 堅持以(yi)水(shui)(shui)定(ding)地。以(yi)農業(ye)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)控制(zhi)性(xing)(xing)指標為剛性(xing)(xing)約束,深化農業(ye)供給側結構性(xing)(xing)改革,以(yi)可消耗水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源量(liang)測算農業(ye)灌溉(gai)規(gui)模,優(you)先(xian)保障糧(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)用(yong)水(shui)(shui),全區灌溉(gai)規(gui)模控制(zhi)在1200萬畝以(yi)內。其中水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)種植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)逐步調整到20萬畝,在特色(se)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),保障自治區枸(gou)杞產(chan)(chan)業(ye)、葡萄酒(jiu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)、奶產(chan)(chan)業(ye)、肉(rou)牛(niu)及灘(tan)羊產(chan)(chan)業(ye)等用(yong)水(shui)(shui)。適(shi)度增加生(sheng)態(tai)林面(mian)(mian)積(ji),提(ti)升(sheng)生(sheng)態(tai)碳匯(hui)增量(liang)。 銀川一(yi)水(shui)多用節水(shui)增效(xiao) “好(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)好(hao)魚!今年(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)不錯,魚的品(pin)質(zhi)好(hao),能賣個好(hao)價錢。”11月8日,寧夏漁稻源水(shui)(shui)(shui)產養(yang)殖有限公司(si)負責人常樹軍在電(dian)話(hua)里樂呵呵地(di)說。今年(nian)以來,銀川市全面(mian)落實最嚴格(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源管理制度,深入(ru)實施農業節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)領跑、工業節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)增(zeng)效(xiao)、城鎮節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)普及、節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)減排開源、科(ke)技創新引領五(wu)大節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)動(dong),統籌(chou)地(di)上地(di)下、岸(an)上水(shui)(shui)(shui)中、城市鄉村,堅持“五(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)同治”,一水(shui)(shui)(shui)多用,節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)增(zeng)效(xiao)。 常樹軍告訴記者(zhe),他(ta)將(jiang)(jiang)320畝的(de)魚塘(tang)與1400畝的(de)稻(dao)田聯通,將(jiang)(jiang)周(zhou)邊8000多(duo)畝魚塘(tang)的(de)養(yang)殖(zhi)廢水和4萬多(duo)畝農田的(de)退水引(yin)入自(zi)家稻(dao)田,讓(rang)水稻(dao)充分吸收退水中(zhong)的(de)富營養(yang)化(hua)物質,然(ran)后再將(jiang)(jiang)這(zhe)些得到凈化(hua)的(de)水引(yin)入魚塘(tang),實現循環養(yang)殖(zhi)。“通過采取循環養(yang)殖(zhi)技術,每(mei)年至少能節(jie)省七八萬元(yuan)的(de)水費。” 今年,銀川市通過(guo)加強稻漁綜合(he)種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)技術引導,優化(hua)養(yang)(yang)殖品種(zhong)結(jie)構,主推稻蟹種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)模式(shi),有效提高水(shui)資源利用率(lv)和土地(di)產出率(lv),實現“一水(shui)多(duo)用”“一地(di)多(duo)收”,開展(zhan)河湖(hu)漁業增殖放流,發揮河、湖(hu)魚類的生(sheng)態屬性,修復水(shui)域生(sheng)態環境、保(bao)護(hu)水(shui)生(sheng)生(sheng)物資源。截至目前,銀川市稻漁綜合(he)種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)面積達到4.5萬(wan)畝(mu),稻漁綜合(he)種(zhong)養(yang)(yang)企業及合(he)作(zuo)社達到59家,工廠(chang)化(hua)及設施溫棚約40萬(wan)平方米。 從嚴管控好水(shui)資源(yuan)是實現“水(shui)效益(yi)最大化(hua)(hua)”的基(ji)礎保(bao)(bao)證。銀(yin)川市率先在全(quan)區(qu)劃定(ding)集中式飲用水(shui)水(shui)源(yuan)地(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍,實施水(shui)源(yuan)地(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu),拆(chai)除關(guan)停與(yu)供(gong)水(shui)設(she)(she)(she)施和保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)水(shui)源(yuan)無關(guan)的190余處設(she)(she)(she)施,23家(jia)規(gui)模化(hua)(hua)畜禽養殖場,增強飲用水(shui)水(shui)源(yuan)地(di)風險防控與(yu)安(an)全(quan)保(bao)(bao)障;對黃河(he)銀(yin)川段兩岸濕地(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)域劃定(ding)了(le)500米(mi)(mi)區(qu)間(jian)的紅線(xian)(xian),對典(dian)農河(he)及其連通(tong)湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)濕地(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)域劃定(ding)了(le)100米(mi)(mi)區(qu)間(jian)紅線(xian)(xian),對鳴(ming)翠(cui)湖(hu)等31處湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)濕地(di)根據面(mian)積的大小,劃定(ding)了(le)50米(mi)(mi)至100米(mi)(mi)不(bu)等的區(qu)間(jian)紅線(xian)(xian),規(gui)定(ding)除公(gong)益(yi)項目外,規(gui)定(ding)任(ren)何(he)單位和個(ge)人(ren)不(bu)得在保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍內進行開發建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和經營活動。銀(yin)川市持續實施退耕還林還草還濕,實現治水(shui)與(yu)治綠、治林、治田有機結(jie)合、整體推進,加強生態(tai)涵養,保(bao)(bao)持生態(tai)多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua),確保(bao)(bao)生態(tai)循(xun)環高效平衡。 銀川市水(shui)務局(ju)相關負(fu)責人(ren)說,工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)上堅持量(liang)水(shui)生產、節(jie)水(shui)增(zeng)效。按(an)照(zhao)銀川市重點產業(ye)(ye)布(bu)局(ju),保(bao)障新(xin)能源、新(xin)材料(liao)、現(xian)代服務業(ye)(ye)等(deng)用水(shui)需求,推動(dong)能源化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、食品加工(gong)(gong)、農業(ye)(ye)生產等(deng)傳統(tong)產業(ye)(ye)轉型升級,嚴(yan)禁高耗水(shui)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)項目建(jian)設,推進工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)向(xiang)園區(qu)集聚,實現(xian)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)用水(shui)集約化(hua)利用,新(xin)建(jian)項目未經水(shui)資源論證不(bu)得審批。? 自流灌區壓減(jian)水(shui)稻面積對生態是否有影響? “自治區(qu)統籌2%的水(shui)量指(zhi)標(biao),會用(yong)在(zai)什么地方?”11月9日,自治區(qu)水(shui)利廳水(shui)資源管理處(chu)有(you)關負責人告訴記者,2%的水(shui)量指(zhi)標(biao),即取水(shui)量1.5億立(li)方米、耗水(shui)量0.85億立(li)方米,主要用(yong)于自治區(qu)新上(shang)特(te)定重大(da)(da)項目新增用(yong)水(shui),包(bao)括跨省域交(jiao)易補充耕(geng)地項目灌溉用(yong)水(shui)。“若重大(da)(da)項目尚未落地或(huo)配置后(hou)指(zhi)標(biao)仍有(you)余量的,可(ke)用(yong)于飼草種植和(he)中北(bei)部農業(ye)用(yong)水(shui),支撐自治區(qu)特(te)色畜禽(qin)養殖業(ye)發展。” 從(cong)《方案》中看,調整(zheng)后的用水結構中,農(nong)業用水縮減(jian),與此相對應的是,耗水“大戶”水稻(dao)的面積(ji)(ji)也將逐步壓減(jian)至20萬畝(mu)左右。那(nei)么水稻(dao)和新增的灌溉面積(ji)(ji)如(ru)何布局?自流灌區壓減(jian)水稻(dao)面積(ji)(ji)后,生態健康(kang)會(hui)不會(hui)受(shou)到影(ying)響? 該負責(ze)人說,推(tui)動黃河(he)流域高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan),需(xu)要(yao)因(yin)地(di)(di)制宜(yi)、分類施(shi)策,在尊重規律的基(ji)礎上,改善黃河(he)流域生態環境。水稻種植(zhi)重點分布(bu)于中、重度(du)鹽(yan)堿地(di)(di),主(zhu)要(yao)布(bu)局在沙坡頭區(qu)(qu)、中寧縣(xian)(xian)、青銅峽市(shi)、利通區(qu)(qu)、靈(ling)武市(shi)、興慶區(qu)(qu)、永寧縣(xian)(xian)、賀(he)蘭縣(xian)(xian)、平(ping)羅縣(xian)(xian)。新增(zeng)灌溉(gai)面(mian)(mian)積主(zhu)要(yao)包括葡萄、枸(gou)杞(qi)產(chan)業和固原地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)揚(yang)黃工程替代、恢復原庫井(jing)灌區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積,其中葡萄、枸(gou)杞(qi)產(chan)業新增(zeng)面(mian)(mian)積重點分布(bu)于北部青銅峽市(shi)、西夏區(qu)(qu)、永寧縣(xian)(xian)、賀(he)蘭縣(xian)(xian)及中部紅寺堡區(qu)(qu)、同心(xin)縣(xian)(xian)。 生態(tai)(tai)(tai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)包(bao)括廣義的(de)(de)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及狹(xia)義的(de)(de)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。根據中國水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)科(ke)院《寧夏灌溉綠(lv)洲(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)平衡與節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程實(shi)施布局》(2020年)研究,近(jin)10年灌溉綠(lv)洲(zhou)引黃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)中年均(jun)直接和(he)間接擔負生態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)達(da)到(dao)27.3億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi),這其中既包(bao)括了湖(hu)泊生態(tai)(tai)(tai)補水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、生態(tai)(tai)(tai)林灌溉,也(ye)包(bao)括了植被通過吸收地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)最終蒸騰散發所耗用的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)。雖然壓(ya)減(jian)了灌區(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻面(mian)積,但自流灌區(qu)引黃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)仍(reng)能維持(chi)在50億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)以上,灌溉綠(lv)洲(zhou)植被健(jian)(jian)康的(de)(de)地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)埋深控制在2.5米(mi)至3.0米(mi)內,理(li)論上水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻灌區(qu)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)不會受到(dao)影響,但地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)補排(pai)關系復雜,一些專家學(xue)者(zhe)持(chi)不同意(yi)見,自治區(qu)將進一步加(jia)大(da)相關研究,逐步壓(ya)減(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻,并強(qiang)化(hua)地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)監測,保障地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生態(tai)(tai)(tai)健(jian)(jian)康。 “紅線”已經劃定,達到節(jie)水(shui)顯效(xiao)的目標,還(huan)需要“帶電”的管控措(cuo)施,因此,《方(fang)案》中(zhong)同步(bu)建(jian)立(li)水(shui)資源節(jie)約(yue)集(ji)約(yue)利(li)用(yong)(yong)體(ti)系,從提高(gao)農(nong)業用(yong)(yong)水(shui)水(shui)平、提升(sheng)工(gong)業用(yong)(yong)水(shui)效(xiao)率、推進(jin)城鎮節(jie)水(shui)普及(ji)三個方(fang)面提出相關重點(dian)措(cuo)施和節(jie)約(yue)集(ji)約(yue)利(li)用(yong)(yong)目標。“十(shi)四五”期間各(ge)(ge)行業、各(ge)(ge)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)管控指標將按(an)年度(du)采用(yong)(yong)內插法,實(shi)(shi)(shi)行遞進(jin)調(diao)整;2020年全(quan)區(qu)(qu)總量指標為73.27億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米,到2025年全(quan)區(qu)(qu)控制(zhi)在72.84億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米,各(ge)(ge)市、縣(xian)(區(qu)(qu))水(shui)量指標有(you)增(zeng)有(you)減,在調(diao)整過程中(zhong),各(ge)(ge)縣(xian)區(qu)(qu)每(mei)年度(du)按(an)差值比(bi)例逐步(bu)調(diao)整,到2025年實(shi)(shi)(shi)現總量控制(zhi)指標值。各(ge)(ge)年度(du)實(shi)(shi)(shi)際調(diao)度(du)及(ji)計(ji)劃用(yong)(yong)水(shui)量,依據當年黃河(he)來(lai)水(shui)和國家分配年度(du)水(shui)量情況(kuang),實(shi)(shi)(shi)行“豐(feng)增(zeng)枯(ku)減”。 自(zi)治區(qu)有(you)關部門(men)及各市(shi)、縣(區(qu))將綜合運用法律、行政、經濟手段,建立水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)剛性約束制(zhi)度(du),在規劃編制(zhi)、政策制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)、產業(ye)布局中(zhong)堅持以水(shui)(shui)而定(ding)(ding)、量水(shui)(shui)而行,加(jia)強水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)論證與取水(shui)(shui)許可審批(pi),強化(hua)計(ji)劃用水(shui)(shui)與定(ding)(ding)額管理,健全水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)承載(zai)能(neng)力監測預警(jing)機制(zhi),嚴格水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)超(chao)載(zai)地(di)區(qu)管控,強化(hua)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)有(you)償使用,構建完善(shan)水(shui)(shui)權水(shui)(shui)市(shi)場,管好用足(zu)有(you)限的水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)。 來源:寧夏(xia)日報
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